What are "reference ranges" used for in laboratory testing?

Reference ranges are critical in laboratory testing as they indicate the normal values for comparison, which allows healthcare providers to interpret test results effectively. These ranges are established based on the measurement of a healthy population and are used as a benchmark to identify what constitutes "normal" versus "abnormal" test results.

When a laboratory test is performed, the resulting value is compared to the established reference range. If a patient's result falls outside of this range, it may indicate a potential health issue that requires further investigation or management. This comparison helps clinicians determine whether a patient’s results are indicative of a medical condition, enabling better diagnosis and treatment planning.

In the context of the provided options, the other choices do not encompass the primary function of reference ranges. The first option, suggesting that reference ranges are only for providing test results for patients, overlooks their primary role in interpreting those results. The third choice, which mentions establishing lab testing protocols, relates more to laboratory operations and procedures rather than the purpose of reference ranges. Lastly, setting pricing for tests is a financial aspect of laboratory services and does not relate to clinical interpretation or patient care.